“Normal science, the activity in which most scientists inevitably spend almost all their time, is predicated on the assumption that the scientific community knows what the world is like. Normal science often suppresses fundamental novelties because they are necessarily subversive of its basic commitments.”
英语
“常规科学——大多数科学家不可避免地把几乎全部时间花在上面的活动——建立在一个假设之上：科学共同体知道世界是什么样的。常规科学常常压制根本性的新发现，因为它们必然颠覆其基本承诺。”
“The transfer of allegiance from paradigm to paradigm is a conversion experience that cannot be forced. Lifelong resistance, particularly from those whose productive careers have committed them to an older tradition, is not a violation of scientific standards but an index to the nature of scientific research itself.”
英语
“从一个范式到另一个范式的效忠转移是一种无法强迫的皈依体验。终身的抵抗——尤其来自那些生产性的职业已将他们绑定在旧传统上的人——并非违反科学标准，而是科学研究本质的一个指标。”
“Under normal conditions the research scientist is not an innovator but a solver of puzzles, and the puzzles upon which he concentrates are just those which he believes can be both stated and solved within the existing scientific tradition.”
英语
“在正常条件下，研究科学家不是创新者，而是解谜者，而他集中精力的谜题恰恰是那些他相信可以在现有科学传统内被提出和解决的谜题。”
“The historian of science may be tempted to exclaim that when paradigms change, the world itself changes with them. Led by a new paradigm, scientists adopt new instruments and look in new places. Even more important, during revolutions scientists see new and different things when looking with familiar instruments in places they have looked before.”
英语
“科学史家可能忍不住要说：当范式改变时，世界本身也随之改变。在新范式的引领下，科学家采用新的工具，去新的地方探索。更重要的是，在革命期间，科学家用熟悉的工具在曾经探索过的地方看到了新的、不同的东西。”
“In learning a paradigm the scientist acquires theory, methods, and standards together, usually in an inextricable mixture. Therefore, when paradigms change, there are usually significant shifts in the criteria determining the legitimacy both of problems and of proposed solutions.”
英语
“在学习一个范式时，科学家同时获得理论、方法和标准，通常以不可分割的混合形式。因此，当范式改变时，决定问题和拟议解决方案合法性的标准通常也会发生重大转变。”
“Successive transition from one paradigm to another via revolution is the usual developmental pattern of mature science.”
英语
“通过革命从一个范式向另一个范式的逐次转换，是成熟科学通常的发展模式。”
“Novelty emerges only with difficulty, manifested by resistance, against a background provided by expectation. Initially, only the anticipated and usual are experienced even under circumstances where the anomalous will later be observed.”
英语
“新颖之物只有在困难中才能涌现，表现为抵抗，以预期为背景。最初，即使在后来会被观察到异常的情况下，人们所经历的也只有预期中的和寻常的。”