Lev Vygotsky
Soviet · 1896–1934
Developmental psychologist whose theory of the social origins of mind and the zone of proximal development transformed our understanding of learning, language, and cognitive growth.
Wikipedia ↗“Мысль не выражается в слове, но совершается в нём.”
Russian
“Thought is not merely expressed in words; it comes into existence through them. Every thought tends to connect something with something else, to establish a relationship between things.”
“Ребёнок начинает воспринимать мир не только через глаза, но и через речь.”
Russian
“The child begins to perceive the world not only through his eyes but also through his speech. As a result, the immediacy of "natural" perception is supplanted by a complex mediated process.”
“Слово, лишённое мысли, есть мёртвая вещь, а мысль, не воплощённая в слове, остаётся тенью.”
Russian
“A word devoid of thought is a dead thing, and a thought unembodied in words remains a shadow.”
“Каждая функция в культурном развитии ребёнка появляется на сцене дважды: сперва в социальном плане, потом — в психологическом.”
Russian
“Every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people, and then inside the child.”
“То, что ребёнок сегодня делает с помощью, завтра он сумеет сделать самостоятельно.”
Russian
“What a child can do today with assistance, she will be able to do by herself tomorrow.”
“Обучение пробуждает разнообразные внутренние процессы развития, которые способны действовать только тогда, когда ребёнок взаимодействует с окружающими.”
Russian
“Learning awakens a variety of internal developmental processes that are able to operate only when the child is interacting with people in his environment and in cooperation with his peers.”