卡尔·波兰尼

匈牙利裔加拿大人 · 1886–1964

匈牙利裔加拿大经济史学家和社会科学家,以《大转型》一书闻名,深入分析了自我调节市场的兴起及其后果。

维基百科 ↗

“To allow the market mechanism to be sole director of the fate of human beings and their natural environment would result in the demolition of society.”

英语

“允许市场机制成为人类命运及其自然环境的唯一主宰,将导致社会的毁灭。”

“The idea of a self-adjusting market implied a stark utopia. Such an institution could not exist for any length of time without annihilating the human and natural substance of society.”

英语

“自我调节的市场这一理念意味着一个赤裸裸的乌托邦。这样一种制度不可能长期存在,而不毁灭社会的人力与自然基础。”

“The economic system is, in effect, a mere function of social organization. Laissez-faire was planned; planning was not.”

英语

“经济体系实际上只是社会组织的一个功能。自由放任是规划出来的;而规划本身却不是。”

“Labor is only another name for a human activity which goes with life itself, which in its turn is not produced for sale but for entirely different reasons, nor can that activity be detached from the rest of life, be stored or mobilized.”

英语

“劳动不过是人类活动的另一个名称,这种活动与生命本身相伴,而生命并非为了出售而被生产出来的,它出于完全不同的原因存在,这种活动也不能与生活的其他部分分离,不能被储存或调动。”

“Robbed of the protective covering of cultural institutions, human beings would perish from the effects of social exposure; they would die as the victims of acute social dislocation through vice, perversion, crime, and starvation.”

英语

“一旦被剥去文化制度的保护外衣,人类将因暴露于社会之中而灭亡;他们将作为急剧社会错位的受害者,死于堕落、变态、犯罪和饥饿。”

“The true criticism of market society is not that it was based on economics — in a sense, every society must be — but that its economy was based on self-interest.”

英语

“对市场社会的真正批判不在于它以经济为基础——从某种意义上说,每个社会都必须如此——而在于它的经济以自利为基础。”

“Nineteenth-century civilization rested on four institutions. The first was the balance-of-power system. The second was the international gold standard. The third was the self-regulating market. The fourth was the liberal state. Of these institutions the gold standard proved crucial; its fall was the proximate cause of the catastrophe.”

英语

“十九世纪文明建立在四个制度之上。第一是均势体系,第二是国际金本位,第三是自我调节的市场,第四是自由主义国家。在这些制度中,金本位证明是关键性的;它的崩溃是这场灾难的直接原因。”